Like the other systems in and around your house, your septic system can be adversely affected by the cold temperatures of winter. After a depth of around 6 feet or so, the ground remains at a steady temperature of around 50 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit no matter the weather or the season. This is because 6 feet is way beneath the frost or ice line in most places. The frost line is where you can expect groundwater to freeze. However, most septic system pipes are buried between 12 to 36 inches down depending on the geography. These depths often allow the pipes to be affected by the temperature. Here are three common problems with your septic system that can happen during the winter.
1. Low Temperatures Can Kill Off Bacteria
A traditional septic tank uses bacteria to break down the waste material that enters it. Very cold temperatures can kill these bacteria. This lowers the septic tank’s ability to break down the waste that enters it. If the temperature drops to lower than 50 degrees Fahrenheit, the action of the bacteria may stop altogether. The situation is even more dire during the winter, when the holidays put more strain on the septic system thanks to holiday parties and weekend guests.
2. The Septic Tank Itself Freezes
Sometimes, the temperatures can sink so low that the septic tank itself freezes, or the pipe that leads to or out of the septic tank freezes. When this happens the septic tank can’t work at all, and waste that is supposed to go to the septic tank backs up in toilet bowls, sinks, bathtubs, and showers. You may not even be able to flush your toilet. While some septic professionals recommend adding antifreeze or rock salt to your fixtures, this is not a good idea. Adding hot water or heating elements is also not recommended.
3. The Ice Thaws and Floods the System
Ironically, some of the worst winter problems can happen when the ice thaws during a warm snap. The thawed-out ice can flood the drain or leach field. This field is responsible for allowing the liquid part of the ways water to sink into the gravel bed, be purified, and rejoin the groundwater. If the leach field is flooded, its pipes can cause a backflow into the septic tank and from there up the pipe and into your fixtures. Raw sewage can also be flushed into the groundwater, which contaminates it.
The best way to prevent septic problems caused by the cold is through preventive maintenance. Make sure that the septic system is serviced every few years. This includes having the septic tank drained and bacteria added, especially those that can thrive in cold weather. You should also avoid pouring harsh chemicals into your septic system.
Another way to keep your septic system from freezing is to simply use it. This may be a challenge if your septic tank is in your vacation home, which you might only visit one or two times a year. The thing is that running water, even if it’s just a trickle, doesn’t freeze. However, the best way to deal with a frozen septic system is to call in a professional septic service.